born 130 years ago in London a girl who they named Virginia. It was the third son of the couple formed by Sir Leslie Stephen (a former priest who, among other things, he was editor of The Dictionary of National Biography , mountaineer and philosopher) and Julia Duckworth, beautiful woman, muse of the Pre-Raphaelite painters. Virginia loved his two older brothers Thoby - died with 25 during a trip to Turkey because of a fever-and Vanessa (Bell) who later became one of the foremost painters of his time. His mother died when Virginia was 13 and his father after the age of 22. Virginia and her sister Vanessa were not going to school, something that the former always complain, but never regretted not having gone through the university. So they formed in the well stocked library of his father and enjoyed visiting as juicy as the novelists Henry James , Thomas Hardy , the poet Alfred Tennyson , photographer Julia Margaret Cameron and the painter Edward Burne-Jones .
In this environment Virginia developed an exquisite sensibility and an innate need to write that grew from 1915 until his death in and letters daily. After the death of his father, four brothers (Adrian was the youngest) move to Bloomsbury, but before making a trip to Europe. Virginia faces his illness, nervous imbalance that sometimes surfaced causing much suffering (although it suffered for the death of the mother and her sister Stella). Shortly thereafter devoted to journalism, his first article was on the home of the Bronte sisters, Haworth Parsonage. In the district of Bloomsbury, and without iron hand of the father or the monitoring of older brothers, George and Gerald, the four brothers relished their freedom. Were girls, Virginia as a journalist (written in The Guardian and any supplements of The Times ) and as a teacher, and Vanessa, who already received some orders, who maintained the family.
Later Vanessa initiative and organized in his home-Gordon Square, Thoby meetings with friends, students at Cambridge. They meet Thursday to talk about literature and Friday, about art, chocolate and whiskey drink, read and discuss essays, art talk, make jokes ... It was like an extension of the Cambridge courses, but the presence of two women, Vanessa and Virginia, who at first cause some discomfort. This was the origin of the famous Bloomsbury , which would be composed of personalities as prestigious as the novelist EM Forster , the poet TS Eliot , economist John Maynard Keynes , the writer Katherine Mansfield , the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein , critic art Clive Bell (Vanessa's husband), Leonard Woolf, author of the first draft of the Charter of the League of Nations and, years later, husband of Virginia, the painters Duncan Grant and Roger Fry and, of course, Virginia and her sister Vanessa. United them in general terms, the rejection of the moral conventions of Victorian society, more specifically, the spirit of tolerance and equality between men and women, thinking agnostic, a pacifist position during World War , sexual freedom and, of course, personal relationships.
Virginia married Leonard Woolf in 1912, and with him founded the Hogarth Press editorial (originally, a printer who settled in the living room of his house), who edited the poems of Eliot, the K. novels Mansfield or works of Sigmund Freud . In principle, The idea emerged as an entertainment that Leonard wanted to give his wife. Virginia in 1915 suffered one of its worst crisis, a state of madness that could leave with the help of Leonard. He had already published his first novel, One Way (1915). The publication of the second, Night and Day, coincided with the end of the First World War. Both are the channels of traditional narrative, ie, characters are subject to a chronological ordering of events. But since 1919, discusses how to write novels without the bondage of time and action. These ideas would be reflected in Jacob's room , (1922), a series of reflections and impressions of various characters around the main character, Jacob Flanders. It was her first truly experimental work, and critics welcomed it with caution. His first success would, however, Mrs. Dalloway , (1925) which recounts 24 hours in the life of Clarissa Dalloway, who through an interior monogamous (so-called stream of consciousness) will recall a forgotten events that thought as he prepares to make a party.
In recent years knows the writer Vita Sackville-West , which will join a friendship until his death, with some fluctuations, and which had an affair for some years. Virginia Vita inspired the character of Orlando (1928) the aristocrat who travels through four years now as man, as women. Nigel Nicolson, Vita's young son, said Orlando was "the most beautiful love letter in the history of literature." A year earlier, in 1927 had published To the Lighthouse, one of its best novels. The main characters, Mr. and Mrs. Ramsey are inspired by their parents, and the novel recalls his childhood summers in Cornwall. There is no dialogue, and hardly any action: the entire family, except his father, dreams of going to the island visible from the windows of the house. The protagonist is the flow time and change everything in their path. Was a great success, although the novel that made her famous was Orlando, cited above. Next came what many consider his best work, Waves (1931). Here we list the recurring themes in his writing: the solitude, the passage of time and death through the monologues of six characters: three men and three women. Virginia remains in line with his previous novels, in the sense of breaking the mold of conventional narrative and his work composing views, thoughts and reflections as they arrive and are recorded in our consciousness. Goes through stages and events in a vague way, not subject to the chronological order, the duration of responding rather to the intensity of the experience. Some critics consider a "poetic novel," it is the lyrical expression of each of these characters . Virginia, who always gave body and soul to writing, recognize it was the work to which he had devoted more intensely. (We can say that Virginia Woolf plays an important role in the renewal of the twentieth-century European novel and universal literature, right?)
Virginia, tireless reader and writer, also wrote some trials. Very remarkable is own room (1929), a text that was considered, in the words of Nigel Nicolson, "the bible of the feminist movement." Emphasizes the few opportunities women have had to develop artistic and literary skills. The title refers to the Women need to have room to develop and foster the creation. In Three Guineas (1938) makes a strong statement against the war and patriarchy and defends the need to foster conditions equality between men and women. With Leonard, her husband, Labour Party member and supporter of the need for rearmament of England against the rise of fascism, therefore maintained quite a few conflicts.
Virginia loved solitude and social relationships equally. Throughout his life he kept a fluid correspondence with her sister Vanessa and dear friends as Vita. He liked to roam the countryside, telling stories to children, bake bread and can concentrate on his writing. In addition to going through the horror of another war live (hunger, the constant threat of bombing suffering ...) lost her nephew Julian Bell, son of Vanessa, in the English Civil War. His brain badly damaged, not take any more wagers. On the morning of March 28, 1941, knowing that was seized by a new crisis, decided to end his days diving into the River Ouse. Leonard left a letter in which he expressed his love and gratitude for the patience, tenderness and kindness with which he had endured his health problems. As has Nigel Nicolson, son of Vita, scattered his ashes in the garden of her home in Rodmell and were read as epitaph last words waves :
Against you I lift up undefeated and relentless, oh death.
Bibliography:
- "Contemporary English Literature, Jordi Lamarca, in Universal History of Literature, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bOrbis, 1982.
"Virginia Woolf or the shining mirror of language" , Roger Metri.
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